柴胡皂苷D通过诱导自噬抑制人结直肠癌细胞SW480增殖的实验

目的:研究柴胡皂苷D（saikosaponin-D，SSD）对人结直肠癌细胞SW480自噬的影响，并探讨诱导的自噬对细胞增殖的影响。方法:Western-blot检测SSD对自噬相关蛋白LC3A/B和p62表达的影响，LC3翻转实验和GFP-RFP-LC3荧光实验验证自噬流的发生。Western-blot检测3-MA对SSD所诱导自噬的抑制作用，MTT和细胞计数实验研究3-MA抑制自噬后SSD对SW480细胞增殖的影响。结果:SSD能够诱导SW480细胞发生自噬，表现在LC3A/B II及LC3A/B II/I比值的增高、自噬经典底物蛋白p62的减少、LC3翻转试验阳性以及LC3荧光实验中黄色和红色荧光颗粒的增多（P＜0.05）。自噬抑制剂3-MA能够抑制SSD所诱导自噬的发生（P＜0.05），且3-MA抑制自噬后，SSD对SW480的增殖抑制效应减弱（P＜0.05），提示SSD诱导的自噬对细胞的增殖起抑制作用。结论:SSD通过诱导自噬抑制人结直肠癌细胞SW480的增殖。     

Dysregulation in nucleic acid‐sensing pathway genes is associated with cancer patients’ prognosis

The innate immune system, the first line of defense against pathogens, is activated by nucleic acids from microbial invaders that are recognized by nucleic acid‐sensing receptors. Recent evidence affirms the ability of these receptors to respond to nucleic acids released by damaged cancer cells. The innate immune system is also involved in cancer immunosurveillance, and could be modulated for devising effective antitumor therapies by targeting nucleic acid‐sensing pathways. A systematic, comprehensive analysis of dysregulation in nucleic acid‐sensing pathways in cancer is required to fully understand its role. Based on multidimensional data of The Cancer Genome Atlas pan‐cancer cohort, we revealed that upregulation of cytosolic DNA‐sensing genes like AIM2 and CGAS was common in tumor tissues. We used 15 genes in the nucleic acid‐sensing pathway to cluster all tumor patients into 2 subgroups and found that the subgroup with higher expression of nucleic acid‐sensing pathway genes was associated with poorer prognosis across cancer types. However, in homologous recombination deficient patients, the nucleic acid recognition activated subgroup was associated with better prognosis, which confirms the therapeutic effect of nucleic acid recognition. This study contributes to a better understanding of the functions and mechanisms of nucleic acid recognition in cancer, lays the foundation for new therapeutic strategies, and enlarges the scope of development of new drugs.     

基于神经网络模型评价淫羊藿女贞子配伍对衰老大鼠自由基损伤的作用

目的：研究大鼠血清氧化调节因子的增龄性改变及平补阴阳中药淫羊藿女贞子的影响作用。方法：8个月龄雄性SD大鼠，随机分为7组，饲养至相应月龄，包括9个月龄组、12个月龄组、15个月龄组、17个月龄组，淫羊藿组、女贞子组、淫羊藿女贞子组（配伍组），以3、6个月龄雄性大鼠为青年对照组。各用药组饲养至15个月龄后开始灌胃给予相应药物2个月。取血清检测以下指标：总抗氧化能力（TT-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、一氧化氮（NO）、总一氧化氮合成酶（tNOS）、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS）、结构型一氧化氮合酶(cNOS)及8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHDG）。结果：与青年大鼠比较，17个月龄大鼠血清SOD、GSH、GSH-PX及T-AOC水平显著降低（均P<0.01），NO、tNOS、iNOS、MDA及8-OHDG含量显著升高（P<0.05或0.01），cNOS差异无统计学意义。与17个月龄大鼠比较，配伍组SOD、GSH、GSH-PX及T-AOC水平显著升高（均P<0.01），NO、tNOS、iNOS、cNOS、MDA及8-OHDG含量均显著降低（P<0.05或0.01）。基于多层感知（Multi-Layer Perceptron，MLP）神经网络模型，结果显示淫羊藿女贞子合用可使17个月龄自然衰老大鼠的上述指标的改变逆转至(10.45±0.87)个月，作用优于淫羊藿、女贞子单用。结论：淫羊藿女贞子配伍延缓衰老的作用与其改善衰老大鼠血清自由基损伤有关。     

中药治疗儿童流行性感冒临床试验设计与评价概要

流行性感冒(流感)是儿童常见的呼吸道传染性疾病。参考国内外儿童流感诊疗指南、流感药物临床试验指导原则及相关注册或已发表的临床试验等,结合天津中医药大学第一附属医院临床试验中心的实践经验,系统阐述中药治疗儿童流感临床试验设计和评价等方面的技术要点和特点,以期丰富儿科疾病中药临床评价的方法学内容。     

CD2AP inhibits metastasis in gastric cancer by promoting cellular adhesion and cytoskeleton assembly

Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is a lethal malignancy lacking effective systemic therapy. Among the most provocative recent results in DGC has been that the alter of the cellular cytoskeleton and intercellular adhesion. CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is one of the critical proteins regulating cytoskeleton assembly and intercellular adhesion. However, no study has investigated the expression and biological significance of CD2AP in gastric cancer (GC) to date. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore if the expression of CD2AP is associated with any clinical features of GC and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Immunohistochemistry of 620 patient tissue samples indicated that the expression of CD2AP is downregulated in DGC. Moreover, a low CD2AP level was indicative of poor patient prognosis. In vitro, forced expression of CD2AP caused a significant decrease in the migration and invasion of GC cells, whereas depletion of CD2AP had the opposite effect. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that CD2AP promoted cellular adhesion and influenced cell cytoskeleton assembly via interaction with the F-actin capping protein CAPZA1. Overall, the upregulation of CD2AP could attenuate GC metastasis, suggesting CD2AP as a novel biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of patients with GC.     

CD34弥漫阳性表达的成年型孤立性肌纤维瘤1例

患者女，44岁，因左侧头皮肿物3年于2019年3月20日就诊于我院。患者3年前无意中发现左侧额颞部发际线边缘皮肤肿物，当时约枣子大小，突出于皮面，可活动，表面无红肿破溃，无压痛。3年来肿物逐渐增大至鸡蛋大小，为寻求手术治疗入住我院……     

Review of imaging and endovascular intervention of iliocaval venous compression syndrome

Iliocaval venous compression syndrome (ICS) is the extrinsic compression of the common iliac vein by the overlying iliac artery against the vertebra. Chronic compression can lead to venous stenosis and stasis, which manifests as chronic venous disease and treatment resistance. Therefore, early recognition of ICS and prompt treatment are essential. Clinical presentations of ICS can be ambiguous and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion with the relevant imaging studies. The initial imaging test is typically a Duplex ultrasound for vessel assessment and pelvic ultrasound to exclude a compressive mass, which is followed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) venography. CT and MRI can identify the anatomical causes for venous compression. In patients with high clinical suspicion for ICS, negative findings on CT and MR venography would still warrant further investigations. Definitive diagnosis can be established using catheter-based venography complemented with intravascular ultrasonography but the nature of their invasiveness limits its utility as a routine imaging modality. In this review paper, we will discuss the evidence, utility and limitations of the existing imaging modalities and endovascular intervention used in the management of ICS.     

髓内钉与锁定钢板固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

文题释义： 肱骨近端骨折：指发生在肱骨近端、外科颈及以上部位一类骨折的总称。解剖颈是真正意义上的肱骨颈，是在肱骨头下方的一个收窄环。而外科颈，是肱骨近心端骨密质和骨松质交界的地方，这个地方是肱骨骨折最易发的部位，所以叫外科颈。位于肱骨上端与体交界处稍细的部分，解剖颈下2.0-3.0 cm处。 Meta分析：中文译为“荟萃分析”，定义是对具备特定条件的、同课题的诸多研究结果进行综合的一类统计方法。广义上的Meta指的是一个科学的临床研究活动，指全面收集所有相关研究并逐个进行严格评价和分析，再用定量合成的方法对资料进行统计学处理得出综合结论的整个过程；狭义上的Meta指的是一种单纯的定量合成的统计学方法。 背景：肱骨近端骨折是成人上肢骨折常见的类型之一，随着人口老龄化，肱骨近端骨折近年来发病率持续升高，而其治疗方法目前依然存在争议。 目的：用Meta分析的研究方法，比较锁定钢板和髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法：检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方医学网、维普等数据库，收集使用髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的文献，制定文献纳入与排除标准，对入选文献提取数据，选择连续性变量(Constant评分、手术时间、出血量)和二分类变量(总并发症、术后感染、螺钉切出及内固定失效、肱骨头坏死、二次手术、肩峰撞击)进行分析，作为Meta分析的评价指标。使用统计软件Stata 12.0对数据进行分析。 结果与结论：①一共纳入8篇文献，一共891例患者，对9项数据进行了分析；②其中在出血量(SMD=-1.82， 95%CI：-2.77至-0.87，P < 0.001)、手术时间(SMD=-1.47，95%CI：-2.13至-0.80，P < 0.001)方面，髓内钉组优于钢板组，其余结果2组差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；③说明髓内钉在治疗肱骨近端骨折时，在手术时间、术中出血量上优于锁定钢板；在总的并发症发生率、各常见并发症发生率以及术后肩关节功能恢复上两者结果相近。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0064-0430(陈锦涛) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程